Patrul Rinpoche (1808-1887) from Kham area was one of the most illustrious spiritual teachers of the nineteenth century t hough he lived the life of a vagabond. His root teacher was Jigme Gyalwai Gyugu, from whom he received no less than twenty five times the teachings on the preliminary practices of Longchen Nyingtik, which he later wrote into a famous book named The Words of My Perfect Teacher. While dwelling for long periods near Dzogchen Monastery in the isolated hermitages of Rudam, such as the Yamantaka cave and the Long Life cave, he put all his energy into meditation and attained a realization that was as vast as space. From the age of thirty, he travelled around and gave teachings extensively. He kept as a renunciate, having abandoned all worldly concerns.
Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo ( 18201892) was a renowned teacher, scholar and terton. He was the founder of Rime movement. Jamyang Khyentse was born in Derge, he learnt to read at the age of four or five, and from an early age his intelligence grew so keen he was able to master reading, writing and other skills without any difficulty. At twelve, he was recognizedas the incarnation of the great khenpo Jampa Name Chime, and he was given the name Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo Kunga Tenp Gyaltsen Palzangpo. At